(Ca,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O_3系抗还原高频介质瓷料的研究

采用固相合成法制备了(Ca,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O3(简称CSZT)系电容器陶瓷材料,研究了主晶相组分对所制材料介电性能的影响。结果表明:通过调整主晶相CSZT中各组分的配比,再加入适量的烧结助剂,能得到一种可在还原气氛中烧结的高频介质瓷料,该瓷料可与镍内电极共烧,其相对介电常数约为89,介质损耗(tanδ)小于5×10–4,绝缘电阻达到1012Ω,介电常数温度系数为–1 037×10–6/℃。     

Effects of compressive strain on the evolution of interfacial strength of steel/nickel solid-state bonding at low temperature

Solid-state bonding between ultralow-carbon steel and pure nickel was conducted by hot pressing with various compressive strain ranging from 5 to 15% and subsequent isothermal holding at 923?K. It was found that the interfacial strength of contact area is accounted for by the evolution of the intrinsic strength of the interface and the amount of plastic energy dissipation at the crack tip during interface fracture. The compression induces severe deformation around the interface and consequently inhibits the plastic energy dissipation during interface fracture. In the first stage of isothermal holding, the residual strain around the interface on the steel side is reduced by recovery process, which concurrently decreases in the yield stress of the area adjacent to the interface. This promotes plastic energy dissipation of the area, leading to a significant increase in interfacial strength in the first stage.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定纸巾纸中砷含量

建立了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定纸巾纸中砷含量的方法。采用微波消解技术处理样品,加入基体改进剂硝酸镍,应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定砷。结果表明,测定一次回归方程为Y=0.0025X+0.0004,相关系数r=0.9996。检出限为0.12 ug/L,回收率为95.8%～100.3%,相对标准偏差为2.37%。该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,适用于纸巾纸中砷含量的检测。     

Anodic Electrochromism for Energy‐Efficient Windows: Cation/Anion‐Based Surface Processes and Effects of Crystal Facets in Nickel Oxide Thin Films

Anodic electrochromic (EC) oxides are of major interest as counter electrodes for smart window applications owing to their unique optical properties upon charge insertion and extraction. However, performance optimization of such oxides has been hampered by limited understanding of their EC mechanism, particularly in Li⁺‐conducting electrolytes. This paper reports on NiO_x films with 1.16 ≤ x ≤ 1.32, prepared by sputter deposition. These films are immersed in an electrolyte of lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate, and EC properties are studied by cyclic voltammetry and in situ optical transmittance measurements. The electrochromism is significantly enhanced at large values of x. It has been found that charge exchange in Ni oxide is mainly due to surface processes and involves both cations and anions from the electrolyte, which is different from the case of cathodic EC materials such as WO₃. Whereas previous studies of Ni oxide have focused on cation intercalation, the cation/anion‐based mechanism presented here offers a new paradigm for designing and developing EC devices such as smart windows for energy efficient buildings.     

铸态高镍奥氏体球墨铸铁稳定化生产

分析了一些主要元素对高镍奥氏体球铁组织和性能的影响,确定了合理的内控化学成分。球化处理采用冲入法,镍镁合金球化剂用量为铁液重量的0.7%~0.9%,球化后高镍奥氏体球铁Mg残留量为0.07%~0.09%。采用硅铁和硅钡孕育剂炉前孕育,孕育剂用量为铁液量的1.0%~1.5%。采用以上工艺方法生产的铸态高镍奥氏体球铁力学性能合格率明显提高。     

AZ31镁合金化学镀镍镀层分析

以H_3PO_4+HNO_3酸洗与NH_4HF_2+H_3PO_4活化为前处理工艺,对AZ31镁合金进行化学镀镍研究。应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)与X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)等方法对化学镀镍层进行形貌、成分分布、相结构以及元素分析。结果表明:化学镀镍层表面平整光亮,镀层为高磷非晶结构。化学镀镍层表面,镍主要以单质镍(26.75%)、NiO(32.96%)以及Ni(OH)_2(40.29%)形式存在,磷主要以单质磷(20.17%)、PO2-4(17.37%)以及PO_4~(3-)(62.46%)形式存在;化学镀镍层内部,镍基本为金属单质镍,磷主要以单质磷(74.11%)以及PO_4(2-)(25.89%)形式存在。     

Experimental investigation and life prediction of hot corrosion pre‐exposure on low‐cycle fatigue of a directionally solidified nickel‐base superalloy

Low‐cycle fatigue tests were conducted on the directionally solidified nickel‐base superalloy DZ125 at 850 °C in the unexposed and exposed specimens for 2, 15, 25 and 50 h in hot corrosion environment. The pre‐exposed specimen exhibited a lower life than unexposed specimens. Fatigue cracks in the unexposed specimens are initiated from defects near the surface, while the cracks of exposed specimens preferentially occur on the surface. Hot corrosion damage in fatigue life was found to be associated with the reduction of the bearing area. A novel life prediction methodology based on continuum damage mechanics was proposed to predict the experimentally observed decrease in low‐cycle fatigue life with increasing prior exposure time.     

中国镍资源全球配置研究

中国镍需求快速增长,资源缺口不断扩大,大量进口红土镍矿冶炼镍铁的配置方式受印尼禁矿令影响难以持续.境外镍资源丰富,镍产品多样且普遍过剩,中国应缩减镲铁产能,合理配置国内生产与国外进口比例,原料级产品与消费级产品进口并举,多渠道、多品种的配置镍资源.     

铜钴镍离子对镁合金微弧氧化膜的影响

目的提高镁合金微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性。方法在Na_2SiO_3-NaOH-Na_2B_4O_7组成的电解液体系中,分别加入铜离子、钴离子和镍离子对AZ91D镁合金进行微弧氧化,研究离子种类和组成对膜层性能的影响。采用点滴实验测试膜层的耐蚀性,采用电化学工作站测试膜层的电化学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)对微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌和元素组成进行分析。结果电解溶液中加入钴离子、铜离子、镍离子后,镁合金微弧氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能均有提高。其中铜离子的影响最大,加入1.5 g/L的铜离子后,镁合金微弧氧化膜的点滴时间提高了77.3 s,膜层耐腐蚀性能显著提高。电化学测试结果得出,不加金属离子的氧化膜的腐蚀电流密度为1.092×10~(-5) A/cm~2,腐蚀电位为-1.487 V;加入钴、铜、镍离子浓度分别为2、1.5、3 mol/L时,腐蚀电流密度分别为3.912×10~(-6)、6.027×10~(-6)、2.167×10~(-6) A/cm~2,腐蚀电位分别为-1.412、-0.832、-1.047 V;加入金属离子制得的微弧氧化膜的腐蚀电流密度均降低了1个数量级,腐蚀电位不同程度地正移,其中加入铜离子后腐蚀电位提高了0.655 V。加入金属离子后,陶瓷膜表面空隙和孔洞数量不同程度地变浅和减少,增加了膜层的致密性和均匀性。结论电解液中添加一定量的铜、钴、镍离子均能够提高AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化膜层的耐蚀性,其中铜离子的效果最明显。     

镁合金浸锌前处理对化学镀镍层的影响

目的优化出镁合金浸锌前处理的处理液络合剂及工艺条件。方法研究镁合金浸锌前处理处理液的络合剂,确定出适用的络合剂,并在最佳络合剂的条件下,研究前处理液pH值和温度的变化对化学镀镍层的影响。采用电化学测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对化学镀镍层进行耐蚀性评价,并对其微观形貌进行表征,确定出最佳络合剂和工艺条件。结果通过对镀镍层厚度的测量及SEM微观形貌观测,确定最优的前处理液络合剂为苹果酸。在该条件下确定最佳的工艺条件为:pH=10,温度80℃。所制得的化学镀镍层的自腐蚀电位为-0.6 V,与镁合金基体的腐蚀电位-1.47 V相比,提高了0.87 V,腐蚀电流密度由镁合金基体的1.26×10~(-4) A/cm~2下降到1.26×10~(-6) A/cm~2,自腐蚀电流密度降低了2个数量级。镀层的钝化区间在-0.6~0.2 V,且结合力好,外形美观。结论镁合金浸锌前处理处理液的最佳络合剂为苹果酸,最佳工艺条件为pH=10、温度80℃。